ABOUT

What do experimental geochemists do?

We study the chemical processes that shape Earth’s materials, from the growth of microscopic crystals to the formation of shells, veins, and rocks in natural environments. Our work combines laboratory experiments, analytical measurements, and theoretical models to understand how minerals record environmental conditions and how fluids and solids interact in Earth’s crust and oceans. While the primary goal is to advance fundamental geoscience, this research also improves our ability to interpret the geologic record and to understand past, present, and future changes in Earth’s climate and volcanic systems.

User

Biocalcification

Biocalcification is the process by which marine organisms, such as coccolithophores, forams, and corals build skeletons and shells from calcium carbonate. We use isotopes and trace elements as a probe of biocalcification processes.

Paleoclimate

Paleoclimate research uses chemical signatures preserved in fossils and minerals to reconstruct past climates. By measuring isotopes and trace elements in carbonate shells and crystals, we develop tools to infer ancient ocean temperatures, carbon cycling, and climate variability through Earth’s history.

Volcanoes

Volcanic systems host dynamic interactions between heat, fluids, and minerals. We use lab experiments and field observations to examine how magmatic and hydrothermal processes drive crystal growth, mineral alteration, and chemical exchange, helping to interpret volcanic histories and monitor evolving magma systems.

Crystal Growth

Crystal growth research explores how minerals form and evolve from fluids and melts. We combine experiments and microanalytical techniques to understand how temperature, chemistry, and growth rate control crystal textures and chemical zoning — information that can record environmental and geological conditions.

Faults and Veins

Faults and veins provide natural laboratories for studying how fluids move through the Earth’s crust. We investigate how minerals precipitate from fluids in fractures and fault zones, revealing the conditions of deformation, fluid flow, and chemical exchange during tectonic processes.

Basic Science

Much of our work focuses on fundamental geochemical processes. By studying mineral–fluid interactions at the atomic and experimental scale, we develop general principles that help explain how Earth materials form, react, and record information about our planet’s past.

OUR WORK

Publications

After our research on a particular topic is complete, we submit our findings for publication in academic journals. The work undergoes peer review where other scientists ensure its accuracy and originality. After revisions, the papers are published and can be accessed by scientists globally who may have interest in our work. The peer-review and publication process increases the collective knowledge of the scientific community, promotes collaboration, and informs future research directions.

Acosta et al. (2026)
Acosta et al. (2026)
Oscillations in zircon
Thomas, Watkins et al. (2025)
Thomas, Watkins et al. (2025)
Cohesion in SSEs
Watkins et al. (2025)
Watkins et al. (2025)
Clumpies in corals
Lucarelli et al. (2025)
Lucarelli et al. (2025)
Clumpies in inorganic calcite
Chen and Watlins (2025)
Chen and Watkins (2025)
Elements Review
Jia et al. (2024)
Jia et al. (2024)
Benthic Forams
Aubin et al. (2023)
Aubin et al. (2023)
Mono Craters
Parvez et al. (2023)
Parvez et al. (2023)
High pH Springs
Hosseini et al. (2023)
Hosseini et al. (2023)
Embayment Speedometry
Hudak et al. (2022)
Hudak et al. (2022)
Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation
Acosta et al. (2022)
Acosta et al. (2022)
Butte Vein Textures
Watkins and Devriendt (2022)
Watkins and Devriendt (2022)
Clumpies in general
Watkins et al. (2022)
Watkins et al. (2022)
Complex diffusive isotope effects
Olsen et al. (2022)
Olsen et al. (2022)
CaCO3-DIC fractionation in calcite
Watkins and Antonelli (2021)
Watkins and Antonelli (2021)
Elements review
Devriendt et al. (2021)
Devriendt et al. (2021)
Sodium in calcite
Giachetti et al. (2021)
Giachetti et al. (2021)
Magma fragmentation
Christensen et al. (2021)
Christensen et al. (2021)
High pH springs
Acosta et al. (2020)
Acosta et al. (2020)
Ti in quartz
Antonelli et al. (2019)
Antonelli et al. (2019)
Ca isotope speedometry
Gardner et al. (2019)
Gardner et al. (2019)
Obsidian pyroclasts
Burgener et al. (2018)
Burgener et al. (2018)
Soil carbonates
Myers et al. (2018)
Myers et al. (2018)
Embayments in quartz
Gardner et al. (2018)
Gardner et al. (2018)
Sintering ash II
Bloch et al. (2018)
Bloch et al. (2018)
Comment
Devriendt et al. (2017)
Devriendt et al. (2017)
Oxygen isotopes
Saenger et al. (2017)
Saenger et al. (2017)
Bamboo coral II
Bloch et al. (2017)
Bloch et al. (2017)
Lu-Hf in meteorites
Gardner et al. (2017)
Gardner et al. (2017)
Sintering ash I
Watkins et al. (2017)
Watkins et al. (2017)
KIE review
Teng et al. (2017)
Teng et al. (2017)
Non-traditional stable isotopes
Watkins et al. (2017)
Watkins et al. (2017)
Degassing and sintering
Saenger and Watkins (2016)
Saenger and Watkins (2016)
Bamboo coral I
Seligman et al. (2016)
Seligman et al. (2016)
H20 in volcanic glass
Aster et al. (2016)
Aster et al. (2016)
CO2 in vapor bubbles
Gardner et al. (2016)
Gardner et al. (2016)
Spherulite nucleation
Watkins and Hunt (2015)
Watkins and Hunt (2015)
Clumpy model
Befus et al. (2015)
Befus et al. (2015)
Spherulites as recorders
Watkins et al. (2014)
Watkins et al. (2014)
Isotope diffusion
Watkins et al. (2014)
Watkins et al. (2014)
Carbonic anhydrase II
von Aulock et al. (2014)
von Aulock et al. (2014)
FTIR for Glass
Watkins et al. (2013)
Watkins et al. (2013)
Carbonic anhydrase I
Watkins et al. (2012)
Watkins et al. (2012)
Volcano degassing
Gardner et al. (2012)
Gardner et al. (2012)
Lava cooling
Watkins et al. (2011)
Watkins et al. (2011)
Classic Watkins
Watkins et al. (2009)
Watkins et al. (2009)
Diffusion in melts
Richter et al. (2009)
Richter et al. (2009)
Isotope diffusion
Watkins et al. (2008)
Watkins et al. (2008)
Spherulite diffusion
Huber et al. (2008)
Huber et al. (2008)
Bubble trouble
Breathe properly. Stay curious. And eat your beets
— Tom Robbins
Jitterbug Perfume


WHAT'S NEXT?

Graduate school at UC Davis

If you're trying to decide which graduate school you'd like to attend, here are some reasons why you should choose the University of California, Davis.

Experimental Geochemistry at UC Davis

We are a group of geochemists who study how minerals, fluids, and environmental conditions interact to shape Earth’s materials and record its history. Our work combines laboratory experiments, analytical measurements, and theoretical models to investigate processes ranging from crystal growth and biocalcification to mineral precipitation in faults, veins, and volcanic systems. If you are interested in attending graduate school in experimental geochemistry at UC Davis, please email me with a copy of your CV and a brief statement describing your interests and why you would like to work with me. I am especially interested in working with motivated students who are curious, collaborative, and excited to explore how chemistry and geology intersect to explain our planet.

Earth and Planetary Science at UC Davis

The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences is among the top geoscience programs in the world. Our faculty members are nationally and internationally recognized leaders in their fields. We're a big department, but we're not too big. You'll still have regular meetings with your advisor(s), have the chance to interact with all faculty members, and there's a healthy graduate community to support you in your research endeavors. Recent graduates have gone on to faculty positions, government jobs such as the United States Geological survey, national labs, and the private sector.

Davis

UC Davis is well known for its top-tier academics, strong focus on sustainability, and welcoming campus culture that fosters collaboration and innovation. Living in Davis complements the university experience with its bike-friendly, environmentally conscious community, excellent schools, and vibrant farmers' markets. The city's small-town charm combined with its proximity to Sacramento, San Francisco, and Napa Valley offers a perfect blend of central valley tranquility and access to urban and recreational amenities.

Northern California

Northern California is beautiful. From Davis, you can day trip to the vineyards to enjoy world-class wine tasting in Napa, Sonoma, and Russian River Valleys. A short drive or train ride away is San Francisco and all its iconic landmarks such as the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz, or instead you can enjoy the art and food scenes in the East Bay. If you're willing to venture a bit further, you can visit Yosemite National Park to see its iconic granite cliffs and waterfalls, Redwood National and State Parks to walk among ancient towering trees, or Lake Tahoe for year-round outdoor activities like skiing and hiking. Alternatively you could take a scenic drive along Highway 1 to charming towns like Mendocino or Big Sur’s rugged coastline, or explore Lassen Volcanic National Park, Mount Shasta, and historic gold rush towns.







PHOTOS

Work? Play? Science? Life?